Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT)

What is Alpha-1 Antitrypsin?

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) is a protein produced by the liver and plays a crucial role in protecting the lungs against damage from inflammation. It works by neutralizing enzymes such as neutrophil elastase, which, when overactive, can damage tissue in the lungs and other organs.

Why should you have Alpha-1 Antitrypsin tested?

Testing for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin is essential for individuals showing symptoms of AAT deficiency, such as unexplained shortness of breath, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), liver disease, or for individuals with a family history of AAT deficiency. It aids in the early detection and management of conditions related to AAT deficiency.

What does it indicate?

AAT levels in the blood can assist in diagnosing AAT deficiency, a genetic disorder that can lead to lung and liver diseases. Normal, elevated, or reduced levels of AAT can provide insight into the risk and severity of these conditions.

What does a high Alpha-1 Antitrypsin level mean?

High AAT levels may indicate an acute phase response to inflammation or infection, where the body produces more AAT to protect the tissues. In rare cases, it might also point to a specific type of AAT that is less effective, even in high concentrations.

What does a low Alpha-1 Antitrypsin level mean?

A low AAT level indicates a risk for the development of lung and liver diseases, particularly with exposure to smoke and other harmful substances. It is a strong indicator of AAT deficiency, a genetic disorder associated with an increased risk of developing COPD, liver disease, and in rare cases, skin conditions.